巴西专利BR112016014200B1 tubular beam heat exchange unit for interiors of heat exchangers or reactors; pressurized equipment

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专利摘要:
TUBULAR BEAM HEAT EXCHANGE UNIT FOR INSIDE HEAT EXCHANGERS OR REACTORS. The invention relates to a tubular beam heat exchange unit (1), to be arranged inside heat exchangers or reactors, comprising: at least one tubular beam (2); a plurality of baffles (3) associated with said tubular bundle and defining hollow openings according to a predefined arrangement, each opening being poured by at least one of the several tubular bundle tubes, and a housing (6) surrounding said tubular bundle and said baffles, in which the tubular beam unit and the housing can be disassembled, with the housing collaborating structurally with the tubular beam through said baffles.
公开号:BR112016014200B1
申请号:R112016014200-4
申请日:2014-12-16
公开日:2020-12-01
发明作者:Enrico Rizzi
申请人:Casale Sa；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] [0001] The present invention is related to heat exchange units for interiors of heat exchangers or reactors, specifically reactors for the chemical or petrochemical industry. A preferred application of the invention consists of gas to gas heat exchangers for interiors of catalytic reactors, such as internally cooled multi-bed reactors. The invention also applies, in general, to tubular equipment, such as heat exchangers or reactors, comprising an external housing suitable to withstand a predefined operating pressure, and a second internal housing, which involves a bundle of tubes. TECHNICAL STATUS
[0002] [0002] The need to install tubular beam heat exchange units inside chemical reactors, heat exchangers or other equipment is known. Relevant examples include multi-bed reactors, containing one or more intermediate gas to gas heat exchangers between the beds, such as the reactor described in patent document EP 0 376 000.
[0003] [0003] The heat exchange units designed for the interior parts of reactors or other equipment have their own housing, which is generally defined as an internal housing or low pressure housing. The reactors or other equipment also comprise another housing, that is, an external housing, suitably designed to withstand the operating pressure and which is defined as a high-pressure housing.
[0004] [0004] The external housing, or high-pressure housing, typically must withstand a pressure that operates from the inside to the outside, which is generally several tens of bar, or in some cases, more than 100 bar , and that is designed for that purpose.
[0005] [0005] Conversely, the internal housing, or low-pressure housing, is typically subjected to a radial pressure that operates from the outside to the inside, that is, directed in the direction of the axis. In fact, in many applications, including the known ammonia reactors that operate "showing flow", the pressure inside and outside the housing is generated by the flow itself, which passes through a first passage outside the housing, then moves into the interior of the housing. carcass. As a consequence, the pressure inside the housing is lower than the pressure acting on the external surface, due to pressure losses in the fluid stream. In other words, the housing can be provided in the form of a cylindrical body, which is subjected to pressure from the outside, said pressure being equal to the pressure loss (Δρ) of the fluid.
[0006] [0006] As is already known, the tension applied to a cylindrical body subjected to external pressure can induce instability and rupture of the cylindrical body, even with the application of relatively low pressures. For this reason, in any case, the internal housing wall must present a certain order of thickness, which will increase its weight and, consequently, its cost.
[0007] [0007] Another common feature cited by the state of the art is the presence of baffles that support the tubes, thereby preventing vibrations. A known way of providing said baffles is through the so-called stem baffle configuration, which is described, among other documents, in US Patents 5,058,664 and US 5,642,778. Said configuration provides a structure of longitudinal rods to support the baffles.
[0008] [0008] The known technique for building heat exchange units for the interior parts of equipment is described substantially as follows: a unit formed by a tubular beam, in which the baffles and the corresponding structure are implemented and introduced inside a cylindrical housing. The tubular beam with its respective baffles and the housing are structurally independent, which means that the housing is spontaneously designed to withstand the difference in operating pressure (Δρ) between inside and outside. The carcass produced according to this new technique is defined as self-supporting.
[0009] [0009] This technique presents a number of problems and inconveniences, which, so far, have not yet been overcome.
[0010] [0010] A first problem is generated by the derivation of the tubular bundle, due to the crossing of fluid in the lateral housing. This effect is due to the presence of an area between the housing and the tubular bundle, not occupied by the tubes (bypass areas) and that cannot be eliminated. The baffle rings contribute to creating the said bypass areas: in fact, the thickness of the said rings defines an area adjacent to the housing, which cannot be occupied by the tubes.
[0011] [0011] The bypass areas are larger when the diameter of the tubes is relatively large, when compared to the diameter of the housing, this being a frequent case in the heat exchanger segment for the interior parts of reactors, whose housing has a small diameter. In some cases, the bypass area can be greater than 20 to 30% of the available flow cross section. In some embodiments, the tubes are distributed in a circular ring, between an inner tube and an outer housing and, consequently, there are bypass areas in the inner and outer perimeters.
[0012] [0012] When the heat exchangers are of the tubular beam type that can be extracted, the amount of clearance between the outer perimeter of the baffle and the internal diameter of the housing, which ensures the extraction of the tubular beam, increases the bypass area.
[0013] [0013] The structure that supports the baffles is a heavy and expensive structure, resulting in the loss of the useful volume of the tubes. In addition, the assembly of the tubes is difficult, as is well known. The tubes must pass through the baffle openings with a very precise fit, otherwise the baffles may become unable to prevent vibrations from the tubes. The applicable standards stipulate a very small amount of clearance (clearance of practically zero) between the tubes and the baffles and, normally, the tubes must be forced into the tube bundle, which results in a long assembly time and risk of occurrence damage.
[0014] [0014] Alternative modalities for the disposition of baffles include placement by welding or by fixing inside the housing. However, in these modalities, the tubular bundle cannot be extracted or disassembled, which results in a significant inconvenience. A non-removable tubular beam makes the maintenance operation more complex. In addition, due to the presence of welded baffles, the tubes are necessarily inserted after the baffles are installed in the housing, which involves great difficulties. Consequently, the said alternative modalities have not yet achieved great success.
[0015] [0015] In substance, the state of the art teaches that a tubular bundle that can be extracted needs a structurally independent housing and this technique has been considered, until then, as the only one applicable.
[0016] [0016] It is still necessary, as it has not yet been completely obtained from the state of the art citations, which is described below. In some applications, it is desirable to divide the side shell into a number of divisions, or to provide the side fluid of the shell with a predetermined inlet and / or outlet position. Thus, for example, in multi-bed reactors, the gas leaving the side housing must generally be fed to a subsequent catalytic bed, and the heat exchange unit should preferably be designed to accommodate the gas outlet at the feed point of the bed, otherwise, a dedicated tube or "manifold" is required in order to redirect the gas, resulting in the appearance of several inconveniences, such as, greater complication, larger dimensions and pressure losses.
[0017] [0017] In addition, there is also the problem related to the reduction of dimensions. For example, with regard to catalytic reactors, it is known that the interior space of the reactor is of great importance, since it essentially determines the volume of the catalyst, that is, the useful volume that contributes to the conversion. This is especially true in the case of facilities modernization operations, aimed at increasing production, when attempts are made to recover the useful volume inside an existing reactor. The volume of the exchangers located between the subsequent beds is not available for the catalyst and, consequently, there is a great incentive to reduce the dimensions of said exchangers. Another important factor is the efficiency of thermal exchange, which, in turn, influences dimensions.
[0018] [0018] US-A-4 689 969 defines a tubular beam heat exchange unit for a refrigerated gas separation apparatus, comprising a housing and a plurality of baffles. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0019] [0019] The invention aims to solve the problems mentioned above and provide a heat exchanger for the interior parts of a high pressure equipment, which allows, when compared to the state of the art: greater efficiency; more compact model for the same performance (exchange area, pressure losses); greater flexibility of configurations in relation to the location of the gas inlet and outlet on the side of the housing; easy execution and disassembly for maintenance operations; lower costs.
[0020] [0020] The objectives are thus achieved by means of a heat exchange unit, as defined in claim 1 of the present invention.
[0021] [0021] The heat exchange unit is characterized by the fact that the assembly formed by the tubular beam and the housing is dismountable, that is, it can be dismantled, and in which the housing cooperates structurally with the tubular beam through said baffles. As a consequence, a possible stress on the housing is partially supported by the tubular bundle itself. Said effort, for example, consists of pressure operating on the carcass, from the outside of the same. Such stress is, for example, the external pressure acting on the housing.
[0022] [0022] The expression "unit that can be disassembled" indicates that the tube bundle can be separated from the housing, without the need to extract the tubes. This can be achieved, preferably, by means of a detachable connection, between the housing and the baffles of the tubular beam. According to the invention, a detachable installation can also include a number of welded points, provided that the welded points are located and made so as to be accessible, in order to allow easy grinding, without damaging the parts during the process. disassembly process.
[0023] [0023] In a preferred embodiment, the baffles of the tubular bundle comprise peripheral edge rings, and the structural collaboration between the shell and the tubular bundle is provided by the support of the shell on said rings. As a consequence, an effort acting on the housing, such as an external pressure or a difference between external pressure and internal pressure, is at least partially transferred to the rings, which act as stiffening elements of the housing itself.
[0024] [0024] The connection between the baffles and the tubes, which is made without play or with a very small amount of play, provides a structural unit between the housing, the baffles and the tubes, enabling a construction with thinner rings of the baffles and with a thinner housing, however, having the same mechanical strength, compared to the state of the art. This also ensures greater heat exchange efficiency.
[0025] [0025] Typically, the external surface of the carcass is subjected to a pressure greater than the pressure that operates on the internal surface, therefore, as a consequence, the effort acting on the carcass is substantially the same as that acting on a carcass when subjected to pressure from the outside, being equal to the pressure difference between the outside and the inside.
[0026] [0026] The contact area between the housing and the baffle rings may extend along the entire perimeter of the rings, or along a part of said perimeter. Preferably, the carcass rests on the rings of said baffles of the tubular beam in at least 50% of its perimeter. Preferably, the rings have a circular shape and their circumference is represented by a circumference.
[0027] [0027] According to the invention, the housing can be defined as a housing different from the type of self-supporting housing. The thickness of the carcass is less than the thickness required by the projected effort, which can be calculated according to standard norms (for example, ASME), and the carcass strength is provided by the structural collaboration with the tubular beam. This feature, hereinafter, will be briefly indicated by "small thickness".
[0028] [0028] In some modalities, baffles are produced using bars directly attached to the carcass and, in this case, said bars act substantially as carcass supports.
[0029] [0029] The carcass may be formed by one or more peripheral sectors involving the tubular bundle, in which the flaps of said one or more peripheral sectors are joined along one or more longitudinal junctions. In greater detail, said one or more sectors of the housing can be represented by flat metal sheets, which are curved during assembly, so as to involve the tubular bundle. This is possible due to the small thickness of the housing.
[0030] [0030] The foregoing represents a substantial difference in relation to the state of the art. In the state of the art, a tubular beam that can be extracted from a housing is constructed in such a way that the baffles act as supporting elements, keeping the tubes in position, but do not collaborate structurally with the housing, the latter being modeled as self-supporting and very thick.
[0031] [0031] The advantages of the present invention are described essentially as follows: the carcass can be produced with a small thickness, as a consequence, being lighter and less costly, since it is not required that it be self-supporting, thanks to the collaboration structural with the interior of the tubular bundle; the baffle rings are also thin, thereby reducing the amount of clearance between the housing and the tubular bundle and, consequently, reducing unwanted by-pass. The baffles are supported and directed axially by the housing, not requiring the complex and expensive support structure that is cited by the state of the art. The absence of this structure increases the space available for the tubes and, as a consequence, the thermal exchange efficiency increases, considering the same dimensions.
[0032] [0032] The detachable model allows access to the tubular beam, facilitating cleaning and inspection operations. Another significant advantage is related to the compactness of the model. In catalytic reactors, this advantage is particularly appreciated, as it allows the recovery of volumes of catalysts that are still useful.
[0033] [0033] The present invention can reduce the number of baffles required for the same performance. In the state of the art, it is taught that some additional baffles have the sole function of reducing the diversion by diverting the flow from the walls of the housing, towards the center of the tubular beam. However, the additional baffles introduce additional pressure losses in the side housing. The present invention, substantially, removes the bypass and allows the installation of only baffles required to avoid vibrations of the tubes, with consequent reduction of costs and pressure losses.
[0034] [0034] Another important advantage is the possibility of easily providing transverse and longitudinal divisions in the lateral housing. Transverse divisions on the side housing can be obtained, for example, by using blind baffles, while the housing joints allow longitudinal divisions to be easily obtained, with an almost perfect seal, as is required in the case of "U" shaped tubes, avoiding more expensive sealing means, which in the case of state of the art citations are considered indispensable.
[0035] - prover o feixe tubular compreendendo os tubos e respectivas chicanas, as chicanas sendo de movimento livre pelo menos na direção axial em relação aos ditos tubos; - proporcionar a montagem da carcaça mediante sobreposição de uma ou mais partes longitudinais da carcaça sobre o feixe tubular, - e onde a carcaça, uma vez posicionada, se apoia sobre as chicanas do feixe tubular e, além disso, as chicanas são axialmente mantidas pela carcaça nas suas respectivas posições de operação, em relação ao feixe tubular. [0035] Another relevant advantage of the present invention is presented by the fact that an innovative assembly technique is allowed, as defined in the claim table of the present invention. This assembly technique, essentially, aims to: - provide the tubular bundle comprising the tubes and respective baffles, the baffles being free to move at least in the axial direction in relation to said tubes; - provide the housing assembly by overlapping one or more longitudinal parts of the housing over the tubular bundle, - and where the housing, once positioned, rests on the baffles of the tubular beam and, in addition, the baffles are axially held by the housing in their respective operating positions in relation to the tubular beam.
[0036] [0036] The assembly method, according to the present invention, has the significant advantage of simplifying the insertion of the tubes, thanks to the hollow openings provided by the baffles. Before assembling the housing, the baffles are not forced axially in relation to the tubes and have a certain freedom of movement, despite the precise tolerances that exist between the tubes and the openings in the baffles. This significantly facilitates the insertion of the tubes. For example, the tubes of a straight tube bundle should be centered only on the two tube plates. The baffles are then placed in position, one at a time, for example, by means of a template, and locked in the desired configuration after assembly of the housing. This significantly reduces the assembly time and the inherent difficulties and, consequently, also the cost.
[0037] [0037] Other aspects and applications of the present invention, as well as additional advantages, will be described below and represent the subject of the dependent claims.
[0038] [0038] In some embodiments, the housing has a non-circular cross section. Fixing the housing to the baffles of the tubular beam, in fact, facilitates the construction of non-cylindrical housings. Thus, for example, the housing can have: a cross section in the shape of a regular polygon; a cross section in the shape of an irregular polygon; a cross section comprising one or more straight sides and one or more curved sides, preferably circular arcs. According to preferred modalities, a carcass has a polygonal cross section, with 6, 8 or 12 sides, regular or irregular. Other variants of the invention include: a housing with a staggered cross section; a housing with a polygonal cross section, very close in shape to a circular cross section. Said staggered cross section is formed, for example, by sides arranged adjacent at 90 degrees, successively, approaching a circle shape.
[0039] [0039] An advantage of these modalities is the additional reduction of the bypass areas, due to the fact that an area of non-circular cross section remains close to the edges of the baffles and close to the peripheral tubes of the tubular bundle.
[0040] [0040] The carcass may comprise a plurality of longitudinal sections, preferably having a substantially equal or multiple extension of the distance between two consecutive baffles of the tubular bundle. This distance is also called the chicanery pitch or distance. These modalities can be defined as a "segmented housing". A housing formed as a single, removable part can be considered to be a single segment housing.
[0041] [0041] In some embodiments of the invention, baffles are formed by respective structural units, made of straight bars, fixed directly to the housing. Thus, the baffles do not have a peripheral border or structure.
[0042] [0042] Generally, a modality comprising the baffles without this type of structure has a housing provided with seats for receiving the bars that form the baffles. These seats can be, for example, circular holes or slits of a suitable shape, for example, a rectangular shape.
[0043] - compostos de duas meias cavidades, formadas na borda de seções adjacentes da carcaça; ou - formados inteiramente na borda de uma das seções. [0043] In one embodiment, another measure to facilitate assembly including baffles without the aforementioned structure is as follows. The carcass is formed by longitudinal sections and the seats for receiving the baffle bars can be: - composed of two half cavities, formed at the edge of adjacent sections of the carcass; or - formed entirely on the edge of one of the sections.
[0044] [0044] In the second case, for example, the sections have an upper edge having properly formed incisions and a flattened lower edge. When the carcass sections are stacked on top of each other, the seats to accommodate the baffle bars are defined along the edge and between two sections.
[0045] [0045] Preferably, the connection between said baffles and said housing is substantially fluid-proof. The term "substantially fluid-proof" is understood to mean that the connection between the baffles and the carcass may be sealed, or may allow a derivation which, however, is irrelevant, compared to the total passage involved.
[0046] [0046] In some modalities, at least one of the baffles of the tubular beam is blind, that is, it forms a sealed barrier that prevents the passage of gas in the lateral housing. A blind baffle is sealed against the outside of the tubes that form the tubular bundle.
[0047] [0047] The presence of one or more sealed blind baffles, which may be in combination with one or more longitudinal baffles, and / or in combination with a housing formed by the longitudinal sections, allows the formation of two or more fluid passages in the housing side, with a great degree of freedom and flexibility. For example, fluid entry into the side housing and outlet points can be determined by the designer with a high degree of freedom, unlike what occurs in the procedures cited by the state of the art.
[0048] [0048] The invention also relates to equipment, specifically, a reactor for the chemical or petrochemical industry, or a heat exchanger, comprising an external housing capable of withstanding a predefined operating pressure and comprising a heat exchange unit, as described in the appended claims.
[0049] [0049] A preferred application is the implementation of the invention in internally cooled catalytic reactors of multiple beds. In that case, the heat exchangers between one catalytic bed and the next one, or at the exit of a catalytic bed, are advantageously implemented in accordance with the present invention.
[0050] [0050] Internally cooled multi-bed reactors are known in the art. Typically, said reactors comprise annular catalytic beds and one or more tubular heat exchangers; each of said exchangers is inserted coaxially in the center of a bed; the effluent gas from one bed passes through the side housing of the exchanger, before entering the next bed. A cooling fluid circulates inside the tubes, which can be, for example, water, steam or fresh gas (reagents), which then becomes preheated.
[0051] [0051] The invention also applies to the modernization of existing reactors. An internally cooled multi-bed reactor can, for example, be modernized by replacing one or more intermediate heat exchangers existing between the beds, according to the invention, that is, comprising a tubular beam, a plurality of baffles from the tubular beam and a housing structurally integrated with baffles.
[0052] [0052] This application is particularly interesting, since there is a wide range of internally cooled adiabatic bed reactors, specifically in the field of ammonia and methanol production, and there is a strong need to modernize these reactors by increasing their capacity of production.
[0053] [0053] In a reactor with annular beds and intermediate exchangers in the center of the beds, the replacement of a conventional exchanger for a exchanger according to the present invention allows a reduction in the diameter of the internal collector of the first and second beds, recovering the external surface , which, in the case of a circular housing, generates the bypass effect, such as an overflow of the gas cross section. Due to a higher heat exchange efficiency, it is also possible to reduce the number of tubes and obtain an even more compact heat exchanger. In some embodiments, a single tubular bundle can replace two or more conventional exchangers, in particular, due to the segmented housing. In this way, a more advantageous model is obtained, for example, with a reduction in the number of tubular plates.
[0054] [0054] In partially open reactors (also called "bottle reactors"), reducing the diameter of said internal collector may result in a further simplification of construction. For example, the interior of these reactors is accessible only through an opening (manhole) with a relatively small diameter, and the internal collector is formed of several parts that must be introduced, one at a time, inside the manhole. , with subsequent welding inside the reactor. This operation is long and complex due to the need to perform the welding inside the reactor itself. A smaller internal collector, which is made possible by the present invention, can be introduced through the manhole as an integral part, with significant simplification and cost reduction.
[0055] [0055] The advantages of the invention will appear more clearly with the help of the following detailed description, correlated to a number of preferred modalities. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0056] [0056] Figure 1 represents a diagram of a tubular beam heat exchange unit, according to a first embodiment of the invention.
[0057] [0057] Figure 2 is a perspective view of part of a tubular beam, with a carcass attached to the baffles of the tubular beam, according to one or more embodiments of the invention;
[0058] [0058] Figures 3 and 4 represent details referring to figure 2.
[0059] [0059] Figure 5 is a perspective view of part of the tubular beam with a cylindrical housing, provided with a longitudinal joint and shown open during construction.
[0060] [0060] Figure 6 is a detail of a preferred embodiment to provide a longitudinal junction of the cylindrical housing, shown in figure 5.
[0061] [0061] Figure 7 shows the housing according to figure 5, closed by the respective longitudinal junction.
[0062] [0062] Figure 8 shows a detail of a preferred way of supporting the baffles through the housing.
[0063] [0063] Figure 9 shows a modality with a cylindrical housing formed by longitudinal sections.
[0064] [0064] Figure 10 shows the detail "A" shown in figure 9.
[0065] [0065] Figure 11 shows an example of a modality comprising baffles without a frame structure and rods directly attached to the carcass.
[0066] [0066] Figure 12 illustrates an example of a step for assembling a tubular heat exchanger unit, according to an embodiment of the invention.
[0067] [0067] Figure 13 shows an embodiment of the invention with "U" shaped tubes.
[0068] [0068] Figures 14, 15, 16 and 17 represent diagrams similar to that of figure 1, showing a certain number of other modalities of the invention.
[0069] [0069] Figure 18 shows a multi-bed catalytic reactor of a conventional type.
[0070] [0070] Figure 19 shows a multi-bed catalytic reactor comprising a heat exchange unit, according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0071] [0071] Figure 1 shows a heat exchange unit (1) for internal parts of reactors, comprising a tubular beam (2) (only the axes of the tubes are indicated for reasons of simplification) and a series of baffles (3) . The example shows straight tubes between two tubular plates (4) and (5), but in other embodiments, the tubular bundle (2) can be, for example, in the shape of a "U".
[0072] [0072] The baffles (3) prevent the tubes from vibrating, promote heat exchange and define direct passage openings, each of these openings passed through one or more tubes, for example, a row of tubes. Adjacent baffles can support tubes in different directions, according to the technique of building a baffle baffle or according to other known techniques.
[0073] [0073] The heat exchanger (1) comprises a housing (6) that surrounds the tubular bundle (2) and which, according to the invention, is structurally integrated with the tubular bundle (2) through the baffles (3) , and that can still be disassembled. The arrow (G) in figure 1 indicates a passage of fluid through the side housing of the exchanger (2), entering near the plate (4) and exiting near the plate (5).
[0074] [0074] The baffles (3) are spaced apart by a spacing (p), which is preferably constant.
[0075] [0075] The flow (G) exchanges heat with another flow that passes inside the tubes of the tubular bundle (2). In some applications, the exchanger (1) is a gas-to-gas exchanger; the gas (G) contains reagents and reaction products and is the effluent from a catalytic bed; the flow inside the tubes, for example, consists of reagents that are previously heated. In other applications, the fluid inside the tubes may consist of water, steam, etc.
[0076] [0076] With reference now to the construction aspects, figure 2 shows one of the possible modalities in which the housing (6) is formed by a wall (7), with a staggered polygonal shape. Said wall (7) is removably fixed to the frame structures (10) of the baffles (3) by means of pins (8). The numerical reference (9) indicates the tubes that form the tubular bundle (2).
[0077] [0077] The equipment comprises a plurality of baffles (3), which are spaced by a spacing (p), in a similar way to that shown in figure 1. The baffles are collectively indicated by the numerical reference (3). Figure 2 shows two baffles (3.1) and (3.2), with a different arrangement of the openings for the tubes, particularly oriented at 90 degrees.
[0078] [0078] The shape of the baffles (3) and the structural connection to the wall (7) (which forms the housing (6)) are more clearly visible in figures 3 and 4.
[0079] [0079] A baffle (3) essentially comprises a peripheral frame structure or annular edge (10) and straight and parallel elements in the form of bars (11), which define openings (12) for the tubes (9). Each opening (12) receives a certain number of tubes. The openings (12) in the adjacent baffles can be differently oriented in a plane perpendicular to the tube axis, for example, oriented 90 degrees, in order to support the tubes in complementary support planes, as can be understood by comparing the details shown in figures 3 and 4.
[0080] [0080] It should be noted that the rods (11) represent one of the forms of construction of the baffles (3), and that there are equivalent modalities with the baffles of a different type, for example, the baffles of grade, which are known per se and therefore not described in more detail here.
[0081] [0081] In the example shown, the frame structure (10) has a staggered polygonal shape, substantially similar to that of the wall (7); in other embodiments, the frame structure (10) has different shapes, for example, the shape of a regular or irregular polygon or a circumference.
[0082] [0082] The wall (7) of the housing (6) can be formed by different longitudinal sections and / or by different parts that together surround the tubular bundle (2).
[0083] [0083] The pins (8) engage with eyelets (13) of the wall (7) and holes (15) of corresponding ears (14) of the frame structures (10) of the baffles (3), ensuring positioning and support axial of said baffles (3). One of the holes (15) is visible in figure 4.
[0084] [0084] It can be understood that through the release connection with the pins (8), the housing (6) is structurally cooperative with the baffles (3). The housing directly supports the baffles (3) and no frame or structure is necessary, contrary to what is required in the quotations made by the state of the art. The same baffles (3) act as transversal flaps for the carcass (6), cooperating for a greater resistance of the carcass, which can be made, in particular, light and thin.
[0085] [0085] Due to the staggered polygonal shape, the potential space for branching the tubes, indicated by the symbol (Sbp) in figure 2, is markedly small. This is due to the fact that the stepped wall (7) remains very close to the peripheral tubes (9) of the tubular bundle (2), providing its arrangement in a much better way than through a circular cross section. In addition, as can be seen in figures 3 and 4, the small thickness of the frame structure (10) (due to the structural collaboration) helps to reduce said branch space (Sbp).
[0086] [0086] The amount of clearance typically present between the outer perimeter of the baffles and the inner wall of the housing is also removed, which results in increased heat exchange efficiency. A gasket can be provided between the baffles (3) and the wall (7), although this is not essential and is usually not present.
[0087] [0087] Figure 2 shows a modality in which the tubular beam (2) has an annular configuration and the heat exchange unit also comprises an inner wall (7 '), with the function of an inner tube, for example, for drive the flow upward after passing through the side housing. Preferably, said inner wall (7 ') has the same configuration as the outer wall (7), for example, the stepped configuration shown in figure 2, or a polygonal or circular configuration.
[0088] [0088] Advantageously, the housing (6) comprises one or more joints, arranged longitudinally, that is, parallel to the direction of the tubes (9).
[0089] [0089] Figure 5 shows an example of a circular housing (6), formed by a metallic sheet (16) arranged around the tubular bundle (2), and with a single longitudinal junction (17). Also, figure 5 shows two baffles (3), indicated by the symbols (3.1) and (3.2). It should be noted that the metallic sheet (16) can be curved and arranged around the tubular bundle, forming a cylinder, as shown in figure 5, due to the small thickness of the metallic sheet itself and also made possible by structural collaboration.
[0090] [0090] The details of the longitudinal junction (17), according to a preferred modality, are shown in figure 6. The frame structure (10) of each baffle (3) has a seat (19), for example, in the form of a prism, to receive the ends (18) of the metallic sheet (16). The ends (18) of said sheet (16) are advantageously configured to engage with the seats (19), for example, they are folded in the shape of a hook. The sheet (16) is arranged around the tubular bundle (2), as shown, for example, in figure 6, and locked by means of a molded profile (20).
[0091] [0091] Figure 7 shows the frame assembled with the longitudinal joint (17). It can be seen that in this example, an annular tubular bundle (2) with a central tube (21) is also shown.
[0092] [0092] Junction (17) is described by way of example only; other types of joints are possible, for example, joints with eyelets and shims, or joints of the conventional type, with overlapping parts. In order to simplify the wrapping of the housing (6) around the tubular bundle (2), the housing (6) can advantageously be formed by a plurality of sections, as in the embodiment shown in figure 9.
[0093] [0093] The detail of figure 8 shows an example of support means associated with the housing and suitable for supporting the baffles (3) in the desired positions. In the embodiment shown by the example, said support means are formed with pairs of shims (22), which are fixed to the internal wall of the housing (6) (that is, to the metallic sheet (16)). The structural cooperation of the carcass (6) which supports the baffles (3) is thus easily understood.
[0094] [0094] It should be noted that due to the construction of the housing (6) fixed to the baffles (3), the said baffles (3) expand longitudinally in relation to the tubes (9), following the housing (6). As a consequence, heating and, specifically, temperature variations (for example, when starting a chemical reactor in which the unit (1) is inserted) do not induce tensions between the housing and the baffles.
[0095] [0095] The longitudinal joints, such as, for example, the junction (17) described above, and any peripheral joints, can also be of the non-releasable type, for example, they can be welded and / or riveted. Joints of the non-releasable type may be preferred when the aspect of removing the housing is not necessary or is not required. Also, in this case, the welded parts will be configured to ensure easy removal of the weld, without causing damage to the parts, so that those parts can be used again. With regard to this aspect, easily dismountable parts are contemplated. The structural unit between the housing (6) and the baffles (3) is in any case guaranteed.
[0096] [0096] Figure 9 shows a modality in which the housing (6) comprises longitudinal sections. The example shows a construction similar to the construction shown in figure 7, that is, with a cylindrical housing, where two sections (16.1) and (16.2) are visible. Preferably, the extension (L) of a section is equivalent to the spacing (p) of the baffles (3), shown in figure 1, or to a multiple spacing.
[0097] [0097] The example shown in figure 9 also shows a welded structure, as can be understood from the detail shown in figure 10. The baffles (16.1), (16.2), etc., that form the housing (6) are welded to baffles (3). In figure 3, it is possible to observe the edge of the baffle (3) with the shape to receive the ends of the leaves (16.1), (16.2).
[0098] [0098] Figure 11 shows a variant where the elements (11) that define the openings (12) for the tubes are directly attached to the housing (6), that is, the baffles (3) do not have the frame structure (10 ).
[0099] [0099] The figure shows an example, in which substantially circular rods (11) are welded inside holes (23) in the wall (7). In other variants, with the glove formed by several sections, said holes (23) are advantageously formed by half cavities at the edges of the sections. It should be noted that other forms of rods (11) and the respective seats in the housing (equivalent to the holes (23)) are possible.
[0100] [00100] It should be noted that figure 11 shows a carcass (6) formed by a stepped wall (7), as shown in figure 2, but it must be considered that said variant comprising baffles without frame structure is also applicable to all other modalities, such as those comprising a circular housing, as shown in figures 5-9.
[0101] [00101] A central duct, if present (as, for example, shown in figure 7 or figure 9) must be provided with adequate blind seats for said elements.
[0102] [00102] Figure 12 illustrates an example of the manufacturing method, which is also part of an aspect of the invention. The figure shows the main components, that is, the bundle (2) of tubes (9), the plates (4) and (5), and the baffles (3). The baffles (3) are axially mobile, that is, in a direction parallel to the tubes (9), and in this case, also transversely, that is, in the direction of the openings (12). The figure shows the baffles (3) in a staggered way, as a result of this transversal mobility. Transverse mobility is possible in certain cases, for example, with baffles that define grooved openings, as peripheral tubes are not assembled; once all tubes are assembled, or in the case of other types of baffles, for example, baffles, the said transverse mobility can be prevented.
[0103] [00103] It should be understood from figure 12 that the introduction of the tubes (9) into the openings (12) of the baffles (3) during assembly is greatly facilitated. In fact, in the knowledge of the state of the art, the tubes are inserted when the baffles (3) are already locked in their final position, which means that a tube must be connected exactly with the series of openings (12) that have a minimum clearance. This gives rise to major assembly problems. On the other hand, by means of the present invention, the mobility of the baffles (3) makes the insertion of the tubes easier and faster. The baffles (3) are then positioned as desired, spaced apart (p) and locked by means of a template or other auxiliary device; the housing (6) is then assembled, for example, using the procedure illustrated in figures 5-9. The housing (6), once assembled, holds the baffles (3) in position, for example, using the shims (22), as described above. This example illustrates even more clearly the structural cooperation between the carcass and the baffles.
[0104] [00104] Figure 13 shows another construction variant, particularly suitable for a tubular beam (2) in a "U" shape. In this variant, the housing (6) (which can be divided into longitudinal sections) is formed by half-housings (24.1) and (24.2), joined by longitudinal flanges (25). Said half-carcasses are advantageously formed with an arc-shaped part and a flat part (26) ending at the flanges (25), and support a longitudinal division (27) which is fastened between said flanges (25).
[0105] [00105] It is known that tubular heat exchangers in the shape of "U", usually require a longitudinal division in order to obtain a passage in the lateral housing, in an opposite flow with respect to the tubes; Figure 13 shows that a longitudinal division (27) can be directly supported by the housing (6), which, in turn, is fixed to the baffles (3).
[0106] [00106] The division of the lateral housing in the U-shaped tubular heat exchangers, in other words, is particularly simple and advantageous, as it guarantees an absolute sealing of the central division (27), which increases efficiency and reduces operating costs. As can be seen from the figure, the shape of the two half-housings (24.1) and (24.2) ending with flat parts (26) are such that the longitudinal flanges (25) remain within the outer dimensions of a conventional housing cylindrical. Several longitudinal divisions of the side housing are possible; for example, a housing with three longitudinal passages is obtained with two divisions (which can be similar in construction, with respect to the division (27) shown in the figure).
[0107] [00107] Figures 14-17 show some of the numerous configurations that are possible, thanks to the present invention.
[0108] [00108] Figure 14 shows a heat exchanger with straight tubes, in which the housing (6) is formed substantially by three longitudinal sections (6.1), (6.2) and (6.3). The ends of the sections are spaced so as to leave openings for gas inlet and outlet. In addition, the changer comprises blind baffles (3.c) between the longitudinal section and the following section. Said baffles (3.c), unlike baffles (3) (indicated by a thin line) do not allow gas to pass through the side housing. Three passages in the side housing are then obtained, as shown by the arrows in that figure.
[0109] [00109] Figure 15 shows a diagram with tubes in the shape of "U", instead of straight tubes and, therefore, with a single tubular plate (4). A longitudinal division is also present and the side housing is divided into six sections.
[0110] [00110] The fluid circulating in the lateral housing can be subjected to a certain process step, between one passage and another. Said process step can include, for example, a heat exchanger and / or a chemical reaction stage. The heat exchanger shown in figure 14 or figure 15, in other words, can perform essentially the same function as the three different heat exchangers, while being simpler in construction and less costly than the three heat exchangers taken separately, since the said exchanger has only one or two tubular plates, depending on whether the tubes are "U" shaped or whether they are straight tubes.
[0111] [00111] Thus, for example, the exchanger shown in figure 14 can be inserted in a reactor for ammonia synthesis, and the three passages in the lateral housing perform the intermediate cooling between the catalytic beds.
[0112] [00112] Figures 16 and 17 show two configurations in which the side housing is divided into two passages. In figure 16, there is a seal between the blind baffle (3.c) and the carcass section (6.1), with the first exit of the passage beside the entrance. This configuration is advantageous in certain applications, for example, in vertical exchangers inside reactors, where it is desirable that the gas inlet and outlet of the side housing are located at the top.
[0113] [00113] The invention can also be applied to new reactors, in the form of new equipment, or can be used to modernize existing reactors.
[0114] [00114] One of the applications of the invention relates to the modernization of reactors of the type shown in figure 18. By replacing one or more previously existing tubular exchangers with tubular exchangers according to the invention, several advantages can be obtained, including: greater efficiency, recovery of the useful volume for the catalyst and the possibility of reducing the internal piping.
[0115] [00115] Said figure 18 shows, schematically, a multi-bed reactor (30) for the synthesis of ammonia or methanol under high pressure, comprising catalytic beds (31), (32) and (33) and two intermediate exchangers cooling (34), (35). The reactor (30) is provided with an external housing (36), capable of withstanding the operating pressure. The operating principle of the reactor (30) is known to the art segment and does not require a detailed description. A flow of reactive gases passes radially through the first bed (31), increasing in temperature due to the exothermic reaction; the heat flow leaving the bed (31) is cooled when it passes through the side housing of the exchanger (34) and passes into the bed (32) for a next reaction stage; after leaving the bed (32), the gas cools as it passes inside the side housing of the exchanger (32) and enters the bed (33) for the final conversion stage.
[0116] [00116] Figure 19 shows a modified reactor, indicated by the numerical reference (30 '). The heat exchanger between the catalytic beds is implemented by a unit (1) according to the invention, with a segmented housing, formed by two sections (6.1) and (6.2) that replace the two exchangers (34) and (35) . The gas path of the side housing is regulated by means of suitable seals (37).
[0117] [00117] One of the advantages of the invention consists in the fact that due to the segmented structure of the housing, only a single tubular bundle is sufficient and, therefore, only two tubular plates are necessary. The conventional structure according to figure 18, instead, requires two tubular bundles, each having two respective plates.
[0118] [00118] It should be noted that the high reaction pressure can be supported by the housing (36). The housing (6.1), (6.2) of the indoor unit (1) is subjected to a substantial pressure difference due to pressure losses and is therefore limited to a few bar units.
[0119] [00119] With reference to figure 19, it can be seen that the pressure inside the housing of the unit (1) is less than the pressure outside the said housing. The stress to which the housing is subjected is substantially equal to that of a cylinder when subjected to external pressure. Due to the structural collaboration, the effort is partially supported by the baffles and the tubular beam, and the housing is built with a small thickness.

权利要求:
Claims (18)
[0001]
Tubular beam heat exchange unit (1) for interiors of heat exchangers or reactors, comprising: - a tubular bundle (2), which, in turn, comprises a plurality of tubes and a plurality of baffles (3) supporting the tubes; - a housing (6) surrounding the tubular bundle; - in which the baffles (3) are perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the tube bundle and define hollow openings (12) for the tubes, according to a predefined scheme; - in which the unit formed by the tubular beam and the housing is removable; the heat exchange unit being characterized by the fact that: - the housing (6) cooperates structurally with the tubular bundle through the baffles, thus, an effort action on the housing is partially supported by the tubular bundle itself.
[0002]
Heat exchange unit, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the baffles (3) of the tubular beam comprise respective peripheral edge rings (10) and the structural cooperation between the housing and the tubular beam is provided by the support of the carcass on the rings.
[0003]
Heat exchange unit, according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that the housing rests on the rings of the baffles of the tubular beam, along at least 50% of its perimeter and, preferably, along the entire perimeter.
[0004]
Heat exchange unit, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the baffles comprise bars, which act as substrate supports.
[0005]
Heat exchange unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the housing (6) is not self-supporting, the housing thickness is less than the minimum thickness required by the stressing action on the operating housing , and the carcass resistance to stress is provided by the structural collaboration with the tubular beam.
[0006]
Heat exchange unit, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the housing (6) is formed by one or more sectors wrapped around the beam, where the flaps of one or more sectors are connected along one or more longitudinal joints.
[0007]
Heat exchange unit according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the sector or sectors of the housing are represented by flat metal sheets, which are curved to surround the tubular bundle.
[0008]
Heat exchange unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the housing (6) comprises a plurality of longitudinal sections (6.1 - 6.3; 16.1, 16.2).
[0009]
Heat exchange unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the housing (6) comprises at least two longitudinal sections, the heat exchange unit comprises at least one blind baffle (3.c) between two sections consecutive housings, the blind baffle forming a gas-tight barrier on the housing side of the equipment, the housing side of the equipment being divided into at least two separate gas passages.
[0010]
Heat exchange unit, according to claim 8, characterized by the fact that the longitudinal sections have an extension in the longitudinal direction, equivalent to the distance or spacing (p) between the baffles (3) of the tubular bundle.
[0011]
Heat exchange unit, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the housing has a cross section chosen from a cross section in the form of a regular or irregular polygon; a staggered cross section; a cross section comprising at least one straight side and at least one curved side, preferably of circular arcs.
[0012]
Heat exchange unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the housing (6) comprises means (22) to limit the baffles (3), which act in the axial direction in parallel to the tubular beam, baffles (3), therefore, being axially retained in a predefined position by the housing.
[0013]
Heat exchange unit, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it has a fluid-proof joint between the baffles and the housing.
[0014]
Heat exchange unit according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one impermeable sealing division (27), which is longitudinal and parallel to the tubular bundle.
[0015]
Pressurized equipment (30 '), preferably a chemical reactor, more preferably, a reactor for synthesis of ammonia or a reactor for synthesis of methanol, characterized by the fact that it comprises an external housing (36) resistant to a predefined operating pressure and by least one internal tubular heat exchange unit (1) of the type defined in any one of the preceding claims.
[0016]
Pressurized equipment according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that the equipment is a chemical reactor of the multi-bed type comprising a plurality of adiabatic catalytic beds, and at least one tubular heat exchange unit inside the reactor is a heat exchanger, for inter-cooling between the two catalytic beds.
[0017]
Method for installing a tubular heat exchange unit inside heat exchangers or reactors, of the type defined in any one of claims 1-14, characterized by comprising the steps of: - providing a tubular bundle (2) having a plurality of baffles (3), the baffles being freely movable at least in the axial direction with respect to the tubular bundle; - provide a housing (6) around the tubular beam, in which the housing, once positioned around the tubular beam, axially retains the baffles with respect to the tubular beam in the respective operating positions, where the housing structurally cooperates with the beam tubular through the baffles so that a tension acting on the housing is partially resisted by the tubular bundle itself.
[0018]
Method according to claim 17, characterized in that the housing is formed by one or more parts that are curved and wrapped around the tubular bundle during installation.

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公开号 | 公开日

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SA516371273B1|2021-01-11|

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EP3084334B1|2018-03-21|

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CA2928802A1|2015-06-25|

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法律状态:
2019-12-24| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

2020-10-06| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

2020-12-01| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 16/12/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

优先权:

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

EA13197981.7|2013-12-18|

EP13197981.7A|EP2887001A1|2013-12-18|2013-12-18|Tube heat exchange unit for internals of heat exchangers or reactors|

PCT/EP2014/077906|WO2015091445A1|2013-12-18|2014-12-16|Tube heat exchange unit for internals of heat exchangers or reactors|

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